ABSTRACT
Chapter 5 explores how paleoethnobotany has contributed to investigating the nature of Neanderthal lifeways and how they differed from those of early modern human populations who overlapped with, and eventually replaced, Neanderthals and other archaic humans. The case study focuses on three areas of research: diet (and its similarity/difference to that of early modern humans), plant–people interrelationships beyond diet (medicinal plant use, fuel selection, environmental management), and social organization.
