ABSTRACT
Humiliation as a driver of human action is strongly felt whether it is between people or nations. When in return, the treaty of Versailles of 1919 imposed punitive terms on a defeated Germany, it was the experience of humiliation that drew such hostile fire from the Far Right. The psychological impact of order public humiliation left a legacy of traumatic memory long afterwards. Human violence is multi-faceted, drawing on gender roles, sociological, historical, economic, familial, biological and psychological roots for its impetus and strength. Violence surfaces, for example, in inter-personal exchanges, in domestic violence, in workplace wars, at school, for example, bullying, criminal violence, communal and racially motivated violence, gang violence, collective violence – a crowd becoming dangerous, political violence and war. The fact that in human societies, anger can be transformed into hate, vindictiveness or permanent hostility points to acts of violence as culturally, not biologically determined, rooted in fierce competition against all rivals.
