ABSTRACT
The popular applications of nanomaterials include automobile industries, cosmetics, electronics, energy, and biomedical. Nanomaterials provide very high cumulative surface areas while having very small volumes, which makes them suitable for the subsurface remediation application due to abundant reactive sites comparable to the other reactive media. Nanotechnology can provide a clean and cost-effective remediation technology for removing many hazardous contaminants in subsurface environments. To enhance the reactivity of Nano zero-valent iron, the bimetallic nanoparticles were manufactured having a base material as reductant and another metal as dopant, like palladium, nickel, platinum, silver, and copper. Understanding the transport characteristics of nanomaterials in soil–water systems is crucial to revealing their potential impact on the food chain and groundwater. The human population has always been exposed to naturally originated nanoparticles, but with the evolution of the engineered nanoparticles, the exposure has increased manifold.
