ABSTRACT

The relative compliance of many media outlets increasingly saw willingness among consumers to try alternative sources. The fact that traditional print media and even broadcasters to a lesser degree were in decline was reflected in part in a vituperative and, ultimately, irrelevant argument in the USA regarding the status of journalists versus bloggers. The emergence of alternative journalism deploying new technologies to reach wider audiences with their versions of the facts could still probably be considered to share some similarities with the countercultural approaches of the underground press of the 1960s. Russian propagandists faced a system of automated, algorithmic gatekeepers which were increasingly replacing human editors and journalists: as such, the communications network of the United States of America proved itself incredibly easy to infiltrate. For the immediate future, it is clear that the algorithms of truth are not yet able to prevent zombie media overrunning its users.