ABSTRACT
Moreno’s concepts: spontaneity, creativity, warm-up, tele and the present are expressed throughout the different stages of development starting with birth, creating a family and involvement in society.
It should be emphasized that Moreno’s theory is largely the result of an opposition to Freud’s theory. Moreno attempted to disprove the psychoanalytical hypotheses concerning the trauma of birth, traumatic fixation, memory, intelligence, dreaming and repression. He disputed the idea of birth trauma. He argued that the fetus’ anatomic readiness to get out of the mother’s womb is not a sufficient explanation for the fact that it is born alive or that it survives. There must be some sort of factor that enables the infant to survive and interact, and that is spontaneity. Moreno explained how spontaneity became a key motivator for the infant as follows. Humans’ behavior is based on three major functions: memory, intelligence and spontaneity. Because at birth the first two are practically nonexistent, the only force available to the infant is spontaneity.
Moreno preferred to focus on the effect of social forces, which facilitate the organization of the personality. These forces are distinctly different and distinct from environmental forces.
