ABSTRACT
The indiscriminate use of various synthetic chemicals in industry, and over use of fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides, leads to the generation of wastewater body and also contaminates the soil and groundwater with heavy metals and metalloids. Several reports are available using clay minerals as suitable adsorbents for these toxic pollutants both in aqueous and soil systems. Further, the modification of these clay minerals with organic and inorganic substances improves the efficiency of these modified products. This chapter discusses the application of clays/modified clay products as adsorbents/amendments for the immobilization of heavy metals, organic chemicals, etc. as well as the factors affecting the adsorption process and their bioavailability.
