ABSTRACT
Chapter 5 offers a review of PIEDS that can be employed for cognitive enhancement. It concludes that cognitive enhancers may only provide modest improvements to memory or decision making. In fact, some evidence suggests a potential for cognitive enhancers to reduce cognitive efficiency, and these may actually prove disadvantageous to athletes seeking to make rapid decisions. Given that the empirical examination of cognitive boosters remains nascent, much work needs to be undertaken to determine whether their use delivers any performance enhancement and/or constitutes a health concern.
