ABSTRACT
Energy storage enables large-scale integration of distributed renewable energy sources. The benefits of storage can be appreciated, because system reliability cannot be guaranteed if renewable energy sources lack adequate storage facilities. This chapter aims to develop a model simplification framework for the lead-acid batteries, the lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, and the supercapacitors. The original partial differential equation-based battery model is first reformulated in a switching fuzzy-based model to precisely characterize its charge and discharge operations. Then, a fuzzy state of charge estimation approach for the lead-acid batteries, the Li-ion batteries, and the supercapacitors has been proposed. The third-order model proposed has an accuracy satisfactory for the majority of uses; for particular situations more sophisticated models can be derived from the general model structure. The third-order model has proven testified to be a good compromise between complexity and precision.
