ABSTRACT
Online collaboration tools are internet- and web-based applications that enable individuals, groups and teams to collaborate in research without the need to meet face-to-face. The term ‘virtual collaboration’ is often used interchangeably with online collaboration, although virtual collaboration can also encompass non-internet or web-based technology such as audio conferencing. Collaboration projects can be encouraged by social, economic, professional, scientific, political or geographical factors, for example. There are two types of online collaboration tool: synchronous that enable researchers to share ideas, information and feedback instantaneously and asynchronous that provide collaboration opportunities that are not instantaneous. There are a wide variety of online collaboration tools and software packages available. Some are open source and free to use, whereas others have significant costs attached.
