ABSTRACT
Electrical resistivity was employed by D. H. Gray and Wheeler in 1720 in the field of geology to determine the conductivity of rocks. The application of the direct current (DC) to quantify resistivity was performed by Conrad Schlumberger in 1912, and it was reported as one of the most successful experimental approaches to electrical resistivity. The working principle in the DC method is associated with Ohm's law, where voltage drops across the electrodes are measured by applying an electric current. Electrical resistivity of soils can be measured in the field or in the collected soil samples in the laboratory. In the field, electrodes are placed in the ground and connected to a resistivity meter. Electrical resistivity measurement has been utilized in the investigation of near-surface geology since the early 20th century, but it has only become popular in recent years, with the improvement of test methods and data processing.
