ABSTRACT
The importance of electric field in cell functioning was a major question that emerged from the discovery of transmembrane potential and endogenous electric field in biological tissues. It has thrived the research in developing new technologies based on the biological electric effects. Cell growth and differentiation are greatly affected by electrical stimulations. Stimulations are also used in the treatment of various diseases like Parkinson’s disease, urinary incontinence, chronic pain, and cardiac arrhythmia. Piezoelectric materials can be utilized to achieve indirect stimulation of biological tissues. Various piezoelectric materials have been employed for different tissue repair applications, particularly in bone repair, where charges induced by mechanical stress can enhance bone formation; and in neural tissue engineering, in which electric pulses can stimulate directional neurite outgrowth to fill gaps in nervous tissue injuries.
