ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews briefly some of the main approaches to the study of organizations to show how each gives a distinctive but partial contribution to the understanding of organizational phenomena. It argues for a multidimensional perspective to promote organizational change. The chapter presents a multi-dimensional training and intervention technique we have developed to promote organizational change. Society has undergone rapid and dramatic social, political, technological and cultural changes over the last fifty years. The operating system’s main function is to produce actions. It involves the functions of resource acquisition, transformation, and distribution. It also deals with acquisition and training of personnel, and with acquisition of knowledge and finance. The political and higher level directors did not plan regularly, and did not therefore give operational objectives to the professionals, who were left to decide more or less on their own what to do with their time, besides giving methadone.
