ABSTRACT
In the mid 1980s Roger Smith relied on strong leadership to guide General Motors through a major reorientation. In order to better understand how Future 500 companies and their leaders can use the current threshold era of leadership to transform current management practices, this chapter explores each of these integrations. With the synchronizing hand of leadership, executives of the threshold era should work to renew their organizations with further integration of existing management concepts and practices. When creating their "renewal conditions," leaders should be aware of certain environmental constraints that may affect their ultimate success. An expanding knowledge of organizational success factors and the increasing complexity of the business world have worked together to reveal a number of apparent paradoxes. When we talk about network organizations, we're referring to a new type of parent or umbrella organization that nurtures and protects other forms of organizations.
