ABSTRACT
Adequate nutrition and hydration are essential for general health and wellbeing, maintaining a healthy weight and to ensure adequate growth/development in children, plus help in preventing or treating a range of conditions such as wound healing, pressure ulcers and acute kidney injury. The maintenance of continence is also an important area of nursing and healthcare. Enabling healthy bladder and bowel care can enable patient or client independence and self-care, and salvage any anxiety or embarrassment. Healthy bladder and bowel activity can vary from person to person and from day to day. In any event what is normal for one person may not be normal for another. Patterns are key to understanding what is normal for a person and deviations from that normal such as straining to eliminate or frequent urination control require further exploration.
