ABSTRACT
Chapter 4 focuses on the privatization and transnationalization of conservation in Indonesia. Private companies and donor governments from the Global North consider forest conservation in the South a cost-efficient option to mitigate climate change. I argue that REDD+ has induced rescaling processes, leading to the emergence of a transnational scale of regulation of forest and land tenure governance. The trading of forest carbon and the allocation of financial contributions from bilateral and multilateral donors to governments and forest owners and users requires homogenous rules for land tenure and for the involvement of local communities. The Indonesian government has initiated a number of governance reforms and established REDD+ pilot provinces in order to be “ready” for foreign investments in carbon conservation. However, REDD+ governance remains fragmented.The current situation is rather characterized by a number of fragmented, sometimes competing scales of regulation. This is also reflected on the national and sub-national scale, where many different forest-based mitigation initiatives exist in parallel to one another, some possibly even competing or contradicting others.
