ABSTRACT
Factors to be considered for material substitution include the effect on the production process, acceptability to plant personnel, and cost. The conservation efforts are an ongoing commitment, and plant personnel continue to look for points where less water can be used or where water of lower quality would be satisfactory. The responsibility of imposing the pretreatment standards, in most cases, has been assigned to municipalities following the development and adoption of a local industrial sewer use ordinance. Industries can achieve compliance with mass-based standards by a combination of approaches, such as reducing the volume of wastewater discharged and/or reducing the concentration of pollutants by appropriate treatment. Laboratory tests were then performed on a grab sample of the actual plant wastewater. The dissolved metals were effectively removed in the activated carbon columns, bringing the total metal concentrations in the final effluent well below the discharge standards.
