ABSTRACT
The developments in laser biology and cytology and microsurgery of chromosomes have been made possible chiefly by studies with the technique of laser microirradiation. Laser microscopy has made for extensive studies on microsurgery of cells and organelles and even chromosomes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can give detailed data of the surface changes of laser impacts. With the increasing interest in infrared effects in tissue for their use in diagnostic thermography, an infrared scanning microscope has been developed. Lasers have been used in insects to observe effects of ruby and neodymium impacts on chitin and on spiders to observe changes in web patterns. The laser studies in cancer start with laser irradiation of tissue cultures of cancer cells, especially melanoma or cancer cells stained with vital dyes or substances used to induce a phototoxic effect on cells when these are exposed to lasers. Finally, laser reactions offer a new field of research in modern immunobiology, cytofluorography, photobiology, and genetics.
