ABSTRACT
Integrated weed managements systems (IWMS) are used as a part of pest management strategies. The management of diverse weed populations requires an IWMS approach that utilizes cultural mechanical, biological, ecological, and chemical methods in a directed agroecosystem approach. New IWMS techniques have improved the effectiveness and safe use of the herbicides. These approaches include versatile preplanting treatments; preemergence and other soil application and incorporation methods; granular formulations; low-pressure, low-gallonage application techniques; recirculating spray applicators, herbicide rope wick and wipe-on applicators; and technology for improved distribution and deposit of sprays and low-drift formulations. Preventive weed control technology for use in IWMS in the US has been relatively ineffective. This inadequacy limits weed control progress to that obtained on a year-to-year basis. Agricultural technology has assured an abundant and wholesome food supply produced on continuously reduced cropland acreage. The chapter examines the costs, benefits, and risks of all components in IWMS.
