ABSTRACT
The reaction of the active site deactivation compared with the rate of the catalytic transformation keeps it in the active state. Electron transport processes between the catalyst surface and its bulk have the shortest times in a solid. The nonequilibrium phase transitions occurring in the process of catalytic reaction. It was shown that in several cases adsorption and a catalytic reaction can proceed according to the mechanism of the phase transformation, i.e., nucleation and growth even in conditions of stationary catalysis. Multicomponent catalysts are multiphase systems. One of the benefits of the multiphase system is the possibility of intermediate species transport from one phase to another, thus, shifting the unfavorable equilibrium conditions. In heterogeneous redox catalysis the stationary gradients of oxygen and vacancy concentrations can originate in multiphase catalysts only in the presence of crystallographically coherent oxide lattices. The activity of the multicomponent catalyst is two orders of magnitude higher than the activity of bismuth molybdate catalyst.
