Origin of Glass: Thermodynamic Approximation

To understand the nature of the vitreous state, it is essential to define thermodynamically the state of a liquid that gives rise to glass. For this purpose, the most essential thermodynamic definitions need to be introduced. This system of definitions goes back to the founder of chemical thermodynamics, J. W. Gibbs, and to the works by H. Helmholtz, M. Planck, W. Nemst, and others.