ABSTRACT
Standardized procedures for monitoring should be developed and implemented in each hospital. These may include: urine test for glucose and acetone every 6 hours, daily weight, vital signs four times daily, accurate intake and output records, and laboratory tests. Laboratory tests will vary with the patient's needs but some monitoring is vital. These tests can be divided into those which are absolutely necessary, those which monitor the nutritional status of the patient and special optional tests. Mandatory tests include hemoglobin, white cell count, electrolytes, blood sugar, and blood urea nitrogen. Serum creatinine should also be monitored frequently. These observations should be made at least three times a week and selected ones more frequently as required for the control of unstable patients. Estimation of transaminase levels, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin in the serum are important for recognizing the development of liver abnormalities.
