ABSTRACT
From earliest times, man has been curious about urine, and it has been suggested from quite crude ancient records that he recognized certain changes in urine which were associated with disease. Such changes were primarily those of color, consistency, and volume. The Babylonians and Sumerians studied the physical appearance of the urine and attempted to relate this to various forms of human ailments. During the Middle Ages there was very little advance in the techniques or procedures used for urinary examination. In 1841, Trommer introduced his test for recognizing glucose in urine based on the reduction by glucose of blue, divalent cupric ions in a hot alkaline solution. Practices of urine study were adopted by all of the more progressive hospitals. The large insurance companies in America also adopted the widespread study of urine of new applicants for insurance policies. New instrumentation for automatically measuring seven urinary parameters has been announced as Clinilab.
