ABSTRACT
Manufactured carbon is a polycrystalline material whose structure contains many more defects and a wider range of crystallite sizes than naturally occurring graphite. The range in crystallite sizes is largely controlled by the choice of raw materials. The two major variables controlling the properties of manufactured carbon are the binder used and the firing temperature employed. For many applications, such as seals, the rate of fluid flow through the carbon is important. The pore size distribution in carbon is usually measured by mercury porosimetry according to procedures first described by Washburn, Mercury does not wet carbon; hence, pressure is required to force it into the pores. As in any engineering material, the properties of a given grade of manufactured carbon will vary from specimen to specimen and from point to point within a specimen. Most carbon parts are impregnated with metals or resins to improve their properties.
