ABSTRACT

This chapter discusses those microorganisms which are considered mutualists or inquilinists, and those which are pathogenic under the section covering enemies of entomogenous nematodes. Thus far, only bacteria and fungi are known to form mutualistic associations with nematodes. Relationships with the former group of microorganisms are known only for members of the nematode families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. The chapter presents cultural and biological characteristics of two strains of A. nematophilus isolated from American and Soviet populations of N. carpocapsae. It discusses the subject of microorganisms being carried into insect hosts by attachment on the cuticle of infective stage nematodes. Microorganisms being introduced into the hemocoel of healthy insects could multiply and destroy the host, thereby eliminating the parasite. Only members of the Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae habitually carry specific microorganisms into the body cavity of their hosts.