ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a detailed discussion on the occurrence and production, uses, chemical and physical properties, exposure and exposure limits, toxicokinetics, and effects of aluminum in humans. Aluminum is a common constituent of the earth's crust, usually combined with oxygen, fluorine, and silicon. Uses for aluminum metal include building construction, aluminum paint, electrical uses such as overhead distribution lines, consumer durables including automobile highway signs, packaging, and containers. Most aluminum is produced by electrolyzing bauxite in molten cryolite. Most bauxite consumed in the United States is imported. Aluminum compounds are used therapeutically to prevent hyperphosphatemia in renal disease, in antacid preparations, and as an antidote. Inhalation of aluminum compounds has been used in the prevention of silicosis. The effects of aluminum in humans include information on acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, biochemistry, specific organs and systems, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity.
