ABSTRACT
Tumour stage remains the most important and powerful prognostic factor in the management of CRC, and it plays an important role in the clinical decision-making. Staging remains the primary tool in assessing patients’ prognosis, and the tumour-node-metastasis staging system, developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer, is the most widely used in combination with the Dukes staging system. Colorectal polyps, which are an abnormal protrusion of the mucosa into the bowel lumen and contain unequivocal epithelial dysplasia, are common findings during colonoscopy in symptomatic patients and screening individuals. The term advanced adenoma is used to describe an adenomatous polyp that is either equal or more than 10 mm in size, contains high-grade dysplasia or is villous in nature as they are more prone to undergo malignant transformation. Most polypoid adenomas are readily seen on colonoscopy; however, non-polypoid adenomas appear as small, flat mucosal discolourations, and their detection rates are lower.
