ABSTRACT
Rapid developments in Internet and information technologies since the 1990s have transformed the way we perceive the world. The shift to personal computers and Internet usage helped Internet and information technologies create a massive economy. Many of the states mentioned cybercrimes and cyber-attacks in their national cyber strategy policy papers. In addition to cybercrimes and cyber-attacks, today almost every nation suffers from cyberespionage, technically named computer network exploitation. Due to the radical increase of cyberattacks and espionage operations, states are looking for effective legal mechanisms to tackle them. Victim states can condemn the targeting state and initiate naming and shaming campaigns against espionage operations, but they are also looking for other legal mechanisms such as invoking state responsibility, asserting violation of treaty obligations and seeking reparation and compensation. This book analytically and legally examines and attempts to find an answer to the question of how states can confront economic and industrial cyberespionage activities under existing international law mechanisms.
