ABSTRACT
Economically, politically and culturally another Europe had emerged in the course of the nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution had taken place throughout, nowhere more so than in Germany, which had become the leading industrial power. Capitalism had expanded into a globalised world economy. Modernism is the climax of a process of intellectualization that started with the Enlightenment in the mid-eighteenth century, grew ever strong in the course of the nineteenth century, and reached its culmination in the twentieth century. Naturalism and Symbolism were themselves revolutionary departures from the more traditionalist tendencies that had been prevalent since Goethe if not before, Realism, neo-Classicism and Romanticism. Modernist Traditionalism was a very common current in the arts especially between the two World Wars after the first decades of violent experimentation had passed. The neo-Classicism of the 1920s, as evidenced in such different artists as Picasso and Stravinsky, was of this kind.
