ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors discuss some of the ways in which a test or examination may profitably be subjected to systematic scrutiny. 'Practice effect' is a frequently encountered phenomenon in educational measurement. The authors also discuss the factors that affect reliability; the precautions that a teacher can take to ensure that the tests and examinations he uses are as satisfactory as possible in this respect; the ways in which the reliability of test or examination can be assessed. The methods of item analysis that the authors have described so far are those that are used in the construction of objective tests. The efficiency of an item may be assessed in the way they have just indicated. To assess the content validity of an examination one needs to relate it to the course of instruction that it is designed to appraise.
