ABSTRACT
Whereas DG do not have measurable concentrations of bacteria immediately after production (Pedersen et al., 2004; Lehman and Rosentrater, 2007), samples of wheat WDG were found to contain up to 8.4 CFU/mL of lactobacilli after storage (Pedersen et al., 2004). WDG have been shown to have bacterial counts of 107 to 108 cells/g of DM within nine days of production (Lehman and Rosentrater, 2007). Jacob et al. (2008) showed that monensin-and tylosin-resistant Enterococcus species were present in one source of DG. Furthermore, da Costa et al. (2007) examined Enterococcus isolates in cereal DG and found resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, rifampicin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. This implies that bacteria gained AMR genes due to external environmental factors, such as exogenous bacteria in the environment (Compart et al., 2013).
