Biology and ecology of rice-feeding insects: stem borers and rice gall midges

Biology and ecology of rice-feeding insects: stem borers and rice gall midges E. A. Heinrichs, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; F. E. Nwilene, The Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Nigeria; M. Stout, Louisiana State University, USA; B. A. R. Hadi, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), The Philippines; T. Freitas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Stalk-eyed borer

2.3 Stalk-eyed fly

2.4 Gold-fringed rice borer

2.5 Dark-headed stem borer

2.6 Spotted stem borer

2.7 American rice stalk borer

2.8 Rice striped borer

2.9 African striped rice borer

2.10 African white borer

2.11 Yellow stem borer

2.12 White stem borer

2.13 African pink borer (Sesamia calamistis Hampson)

2.14 African pink borer (Sesamia nonagrioides botanephaga Tams and Bowden)

2.15 Asiatic pink stem borer

2.16 South American white borer

2.17 Sugarcane borer

2.18 Lesser cornstalk borer

2.19 Mexican rice borer

2.20 Asian rice gall midge

2.21 African rice gall midge

2.22 References

Rice stem borers are a key group of insect pests, mostly belonging to the two lepidopteran families of Pyralidae and Noctuidae. According to Pathak (1968), pyralid borers are the most common and destructive of all stem borers and usually exhibit a high degree of host plant specificity. The noctuid borers, on the other hand, are polyphagous and only occasionally cause economic losses. A list of common stem borers is provided in Table 2.1.