ABSTRACT
My first example comes from Kazakh epic poetry. The Kazakh epic poem Qambar-bat'ir (The Hero Qambar) is one of the best-known Kazakh epics. It has been transmitted in various versions and redactions. These versions and variants are closely related, with hardly any significant variations in their plot. The following summary is based on the text taken down by A. A. Divaev in 1920, which can be con sidered a representative and well-balanced variant of Qambar-bat'ir.2
