ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on some of the more important and generally recognized principles of organizing. Many of the principles that have raised provocative issues are division of labor, scalar, parity of authority and responsibility, span of management, and unity of command. After a brief consideration of the interrelationships among them, the background of each principle will be reviewed. Statements made by pioneer management writers will first receive attention and followed by: comments of later management writers, views expressed by current principles of management authors, an analysis of meaning section, and a formulation of definition. The principle of division of labor is an exceptionally old concept. The developmental stage of the principle of parity of authority and responsibility closely parallels that of the scalar principle of which it is a corollary. The concept of span of management is as ancient as the earliest written records of biblical times.
