ABSTRACT
Harmonizing emerging nanotechnology regulation offers opportunities for stakeholder involvement, in partnership with government and business, to fix old social problems when replacing old industries with applications of nanotechnology. "Corporate criminal sanctions" refers to penalties imposed on the corporate entity itself and not individuals, as punishment for proven harms in violation of law. "Risk management" is a process that embraces exposure assessment, risk assessment, risk mitigation, and risk communication. Risk management is proven by documented due diligence. Nanotechnology in workplace, in consumer products such as food and cosmetics, refrigerators, and cars, and as an increased environmental burden, impacts not merely so-called workers but people from all classes in professions and all walks of life. Nanotechnology's potential health hazards have been observed but not yet studied in detail in a whole host of vulnerable populations that are not expected to have such experience, even though the impacts appear in public health databases around world in unprecedented numbers in previously considered "safe" populations.
