ABSTRACT
Progressive rapid growth in the uses and applications of nanoparticles increases the daily exposure of humans through different routes thereby raising the interest of scientists in estimating their toxicological profile. Despite the contrasting results obtained on the genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity of some nanoparticles such as silver and silicon dioxide, the clastogenicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of several nanoparticles used daily including titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been demonstrated in different in vivo experimental systems. Moreover, not only the carcinogenicity has been proven, but titanium dioxide nanoparticles have also been classified as Carcinogen "B." Therefore, in this chapter, the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of several widely used nanoparticles are reviewed.
