ABSTRACT
Colonial economies have been thought of as extraction economies devoted entirely to the removal or production of goods to be exported to the colonizing country. Products imported from European and African ports were given a high price in American markets to make up for the disparity between the tremendous value of goods exported to Europe and the originally low value of imported goods. In the north of the American continent, England had continued to form colonial settlements, since its establishment of New England: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and the aforementioned formerly Dutch colonies, conquered in 1664, adding to those established in Pennsylvania, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. The implementation of the Bourbon Reforms in the Spanish colonial world in the 18th century, and the Pombaline reforms in the Portuguese colonial world, aimed to control the expansive processes in order to maximize their yields. Together with economic regionalization came a political equivalent, brought about by the Bourbon and Pombaline reforms.
