ABSTRACT

Deposition of a highly bioactive metal layer onto basic titanium (Ti) and its-alloy substrates with the nanoporous Ti-incorporated surfaces can advance the functionality of Ti implants. In terms of corrosion resistance and biological performance using numerous approaches of deposition can further advance the performance of Ti implants for future biomedical applications in clinically approved biomaterials. By hydroxyapatite (HA) binding onto the Ti surface is one of the important methods to avoid bad effects of Ti. HA has no or minor mechanical impact on its properties with low binding power however with Ti but the composite coating with HA improves its functional properties. In addition, recent investigations to include antibacterial nanoparticles, bioactives form natural sources or synthetic drugs in Ti implants further improves and validate attractive products and have future potentials for numerous industrial biomedical applications. Results from these studies on Ti and its alloys have shown some antibacterial activities of Ti implants and further increases with the incorporation of antibacterial agents/drugs. In addition carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and biocompatible polymer materials are also integrated onto Ti to improve cell adhesion, cell-cell adhesion and growth of the cells. These modification reduce the cytotoxicity and this leads to the better durability and quality of new generation implants.