ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on research and development (R&D) clustering as indicator of economic agglomeration. It presents descriptive analyses of r&d intensity over industries and locations in connected and national zoning spatial regimes. The chapter also presents spatial econometric models on the municipal level of the Netherlands regarding innovation (r&d) intensity in 1999 for industrial and nonindustrial activities. The chapter provides innovation density of firms in municipalities is the central element of analysis. It suggests that the distinction industrial versus non-industrial economic activities and the national zoning and connected spatial regimes are potentially relevant segmentations for exploring spatial dependency in R&D intensity data over municipalities in the Netherlands. Industrial innovation concentration is, in general, concentrated outside the Randstad core region, while high values of industrial innovation intensity are concentrated both inside and outside the Randstad region Both non-industrial innovation concentration and intensity are found in the Randstad region.
