ABSTRACT

In considering the relationship between population growth and environment, this chapter highlights those factors that bring environmental degradation as a result of population pressure. Population growth affects the existing equilibrium between population and environment. The chains of people's actions and reactions bring about environmental stress and problems, notably, land, air and water pollution, destruction of forests which sometimes results in desert encroachment, soil erosion and loss of fertility of soil. The rapid population growth in the cities affects virtually all aspects of land use as well as most of man's efforts to meet his daily needs. A good appreciation and understanding of Nigeria's rapid population growth in recent years will throw more light on the issues. In spite of structural adjustments and reform efforts, economic growth in most developing countries remains sluggish. The chapter discusses a highly developed population policy embracing measures for discouraging rural to urban migration and encouraging low fertility rate so as to minimize population pressure.