Corporate double talk: Kehillat Kodesh and Universitas in the Roman Jewish sixteenth century environment

Butwhat,tobemoreserious,iftheterminquestionis UniversitasorUniversita,andthesayersandperceiversarethepopes andtheJewsofearlysixteenthcenturyRome?Whatdoeseach thinktheotherissaying?More,justwhatdidthepapalchancellor andothersthinkwhentheyheardtheJewsrefertotheKehillah haKedoshah,theHolyCommunity?Thereisanextraordinary complexityhere.Yetdoesit,infact,bespeakwhollyandmutuallyexclusiveconceptsandstructures?Moreover,wouldanypossiblebifurcationofunderstandingbecatalyzedbytheambivalent

attitudes not only of the papacy and its officials but of the Jews themselves?