ABSTRACT
Abstract ................................................................................................. 354 12.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 354 12.2 Biomimetic and Smart Biomaterials for
Orthopedic Applications ............................................................ 359 12.3 Biomimetic Physical and Biochemical Strategies ..................... 372 12.4 Fabrication Techniques of Biomimetic Bone Scaffolds ............. 381 12.5 Concluding Remarks .................................................................. 388 Keywords .............................................................................................. 389 References ............................................................................................. 390
DANIELA IVANOV1* and IULIAN VASILE ANTONIAC2
1Department of Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
2Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, Biomaterials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, Building J, Room JK109, Sector 6, 060032 Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author. E-mail: dani@icmpp.ro
ABSTRACT
Bone is a highly complex and a dynamic smart composite material, with remodeling and self-healing capability, permanently adapting in response to variable environmental physical factors (e.g., mechanical stress), chemical factors (e.g., specific ions), and biological factors (e.g., growth factors). The classic functional bone tissue engineering highlights the synergistic combination of a biocompatible scaffold that closely mimics the natural bone extracellular matrix, bone cells capable to generate the bone extracellular matrix, morphogenetic signals to direct the cells to differentiate into the specific phenotype, and vascularization to provide nutrient supply and clearance the wastes.
