ABSTRACT
On a global scale, sodic/alkali lands are spread over an area of 434 M ha, the affected area in India being 3.77 M ha. The current chapter highlights that from reclamation and management points of view there is a need to modify the nomenclature criteria of salt-affected soils. Sodic soils can be grouped under four categories, namely, waterlogged, non-waterlogged, semi-reclaimed and acid-sodic soils. On the other hand, saline soils can be grouped under waterlogged, non-waterlogged, and high sodium absorption ratio saline soils. Until some unanimity emerges, terms sodic and alkali soils may continue to be used synonymously to designate soils having high exchangeable sodium percentage. The use of phosphogypsum (PG) to reclaim sodic lands is likely to increase in future as a result of reduced availability of mineral gypsum. Nonetheless, it may require resolution of several environmental concerns related to widespread use of PG. The chapter includes the salient features of a reclamation and management package of sodic lands. Besides adding appropriate amendment, the package includes integrated operation of management components related to crops selection and agronomic practices, soils, application of irrigation water, changes in plant nutrition strategies, and rainwater management. Socioeconomic issues, stakeholder’s participation, and resodification of reclaimed sodic lands are discussed. The chapter also lists a number of management options to avoid or minimize resodification of reclaimed sodic lands.
