ABSTRACT
The production process for semiconductors, especially for ics, is often described as one of the most complicated high-volume processes in all industry. In essence, a transistor is a device in which one current controls another. As a result, one can use transistors to amplify a signal or to switch signals. The transistor's ability to control current comes from the peculiar properties of semiconductors. A bipolar transistor works by layering together p-type and n-type material to create either a pnp or an npn sandwich. Bipolar logic technology evolved rather rapidly after 1960. In 1964, Sylvania developed transistor-transistor logic. Bipolar transistors are capable of switching very large currents. They are also extremely fast in the right kind of circuit. Microprocessors are digital logic circuits that can execute programs in the manner of a digital computer. A dram is a particular kind of memory circuit. The storage capacity of a memory device is measured in thousand-bit units called kilobits.
