ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses several indirect effects, including some related to employment outcomes, access to housing, and access to education, as well as health and safety issues. Of all the issues related to transportation and civil rights, the perceived mismatch between the residential location of low-income urban households and the location of low-skill jobs has received the most attention in the academic literature. One significant indirect effect from biased transportation policies is residential segregation. Transportation policies and practices of locating freeway projects in minority neighborhoods have, in a number of cases, impeded the ability of minorities to gain access to housing opportunities. Transportation mobility is only a contributing factor to these problems along with other institutionalized structures that influence unfair land-use and public investment decisions. Beyond creating obstacles to social and economic opportunities, transportation policies can also create or help to perpetuate health disparities.
