ABSTRACT
People vary in their ability to estimate the accuracy of their own memory, but there are neuropathological syndromes in which people estimate their memory functioning especially inaccurately. A similar division of mental processes and our awareness of them occurs with memory; we may remember something without knowing we remember it. The area of foreign languages is good example of meta-knowledge in dreams. There have been several attempts to determine whether patients who show implicit knowledge "really" know what they do. The patient could work with it, and one assumes that no terrible clinical harm was done, and that inevitably some insight into the patient's own dynamics may have occurred. In dreams, a trauma may be represented, which others hearing the dream will notice, but the dreamer herself or himself does not identify. In dreams the requirements of reality testing are lessened – though not entirely and not to the same degree in all dreams.
