ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the author needs to point out that by "Arduino" they mainly mean the development ecosystem, rather than the processor itself, because that has evolved and comprises a number of different hardware incarnations. The original Arduinos are based on Atmel microcontrollers, and mostly discuss the Arduino UNO. Support for a second family of controllers, based on the ESP8266 microcontroller, was recently integrated into the Arduino development environment. One can describe the Arduino UNO as having the intelligence of a washing machine. The main task of the Arduino microcontroller is to read sensors, with their different, often idiosyncratic interfaces, and convert the measured values to a standard representation that is communicated to a host computer. Bluetooth functionality can be added by attaching an HC-06 Bluetooth dongle to ground, power, and the Arduino pins 0 and 1. The serial monitor in the Arduino IDE uses an RS-232 protocol that is transported over a USB line.
