ABSTRACT
The links between Pre-Raphaelite and Continental art, and the influence of Pre-Raphaelitism on the wider European context have not been widely recognized. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the later movement that stemmed from it, which we label as Pre-Raphaelitism, have been viewed as an isolated English phenomenon, instead of part of the tradition of European nineteenth-century art. Several studies of Gabriele D'Annunzio's interest in the arts have called attention to his influence on a generation of artists and designers who worked for him, illustrating his works and designing the exquisite objects for which he had a ruinous passion. Cellini's Pre-Raphaelitism was never a direct imitation of English models, but rather an original reworking of Italian Renaissance models. Ricci's interest in music echoed the musical themes which can be found in Walter Pater s writings and in many works of the English Pre-Raphaelites, and especially those of D. G. Rossetti and Burne-Jones.
