ABSTRACT
The Weberian theory of bureaucracy seems to be inadequate in terms of both efficiency and human relations, for it is people, after all, who are the motive power of organization. The formalism of bureaucracy is largely intentional, based as it is on deliberately constructed laws, rules, organization charts, administrative manuals, and the like. The way to understand bureaucracy is to discover as much as possible about the administrative and cultural factors, the relationships, and the cause-and-effect sequences that occur within and among organizations. The external factors that influence the growth of bureaucracy are social and cultural and consist of traditions, habits, mores— all the accustomed ways of acting together that have grown up in a social community. The main cultural sources of bureaucracy are these: religion; the military; legalism; education; family; the economy; government; labor unions; and public policy.
