ABSTRACT
An organization that would remain vital needs ideas, because it is ideas that produce profits, economies, efficiency, and technological change. The traits of temperament that seem to accompany achievement motivation seem also to be the key to vitality in ideas. New discoveries, both technological and social, come from imaginative, independent, creative people. The conditions of bureaucracy are the worst possible ones in which to expect creativity to flourish. Bureaucracy seems to thrive where a leveling influence is at work in the community. Bureaucracy in clinical tests it was found that, after a failure contrived by the tester in an achievement test, the children of parents who worked in bureaucratic groups showed a significant tendency to lower their needs for achievement, while children whose parents worked in small organizations with few levels of authority significantly raised their needs for achievement.
