ABSTRACT
Because the concept of relationships underlies all inferential statistics, Chapter 5 concentrates on how researchers study these relationships to discover how changes in an outcome variable (Y) are a function of changes in other variables (Xs). The main topic in this chapter is the identification and interpretation of a variety of statistical correlational procedures used to identify these relationships and how the specific type of procedure used is dependent on the number and levels of measurement of the Y and X variables and on the questions that the researcher is attempting to answer. Chapter 5 contains information on how correlational statistics describe relationships, how they are used in the assessment of reliability and validity and how they can be used in prediction.
